Technical discussion on integrated energy planning for parks based on “photovoltaic-hydrogen-electricity-heat” synergy:A case study of a project in Inner Mongolia

Building operational carbon emissions account for 20% of China’s national total carbon emissions, indicating significant challenges in building decarbonization. Photovoltaic (PV) systems have become a key carbon reduction solution in China’s construction sector. However, the instability of PV power generation limits utilization efficiency, often requiring integration with energy storage measures such as electrochemical storage and hydrogen storage. While the electrochemical storage addresses short-term (daily) regulation, and the hydrogen storage enables long-term energy management. Nevertheless, hydrogen storage applications in building parks remain limited, and its conversion process generates substantial waste heat. Achieving coordinated “PV-hydrogen-electricity-heat” supply is therefore critical. This study examines a zero-carbon energy planning project in a park. Through analysis of user profiles and energy characteristics, an optimized integrated energy system is developed. The system achieves effective coordination of “PV-hydrogen-electricity-heat” supply, demonstrating notable carbon reduction benefits. The methodology provides a valuable reference for similar park projects.